Revista Arquitectura +

Editorial

Alicia de Fátima Fonseca-Robleto — 2024-06-27

Evolution of modern architecture in Managua during 20th century

Marcela Alejandra Hernández-Medrano — 2024-06-27

Most Latin American cities mostly retain an original colonial core, but modern urban planning was introduced in the 20th century. In Nicaragua, modernity seems to have been more influenced by political changes than by intrinsic cultural transformations. In the case of Managua, the interpretation of this evolution of modern architecture is hindered by the scarcity of information and documented records. Architectural and urban evolution reflects a complex interaction of historical, political, cultural, and natural factors, from the early expressions of modernity in the 19th century to the influence of Art Deco, the return of the first Nicaraguan architects educated abroad, and the beginning of Postmodernist influence in the late 20th century. The 1972 earthquake marked a turning point in Managua's architectural history, drastically transforming the city and challenging its previous architectural heritage. However, the city did not lose its modernist momentum, and Nicaraguan architects educated abroad continued to produce. This research identified three key periods: an initial period from 1920 to 1960, followed by a phase of the first Nicaraguan architects between 1960 and 1972, and concluding with a post-earthquake period of lower production extending from 1972 to 1999.

Analysis of physical-spatial occupation in the metropolitan area of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, through a Figure-Ground Plan

Ricardo Ruiz-Garvia — 2024-06-27

The metropolitan area of Santa Cruz has experienced sustained growth since the mid-20th century, becoming the most economically and demographically developed in Bolivia. Consequently, the last two decades have been characterized by unsustainable expansion within its territory. In this context, the overarching objective of the research is to identify patterns of metropolitan development, specifically focusing on delineating the urbanized area in relation to the total land surface. From this identification, the aim is to monitor the future evolution of the region to devise strategies based on lessons learned. To achieve these objectives, Geographic Information Systems and Artificial Intelligence tools have been employed. A detailed Metropolitan Map highlighting the road structure is presented. Subsequently, a Figure-Ground Map is presented, where three sectors were examined at different scales. The results obtained serve as a basis for reflection on integrated planning, the review of responsibilities of real estate developers, and community participation in urban growth management. In the conclusions, the importance of geospatial tools is emphasized for understanding the metropolitan scale and analyzing urban evolution in a multiscale manner. Finally, the recommendations underscore that this research provides valuable information for generating strategies in the face of large extents of urbanized land and how their future occupation can be established.

The importance of LEED certification in healthcare architectural projects

Lilian Arriaga-López — 2024-06-27

The worldwide demand for hospitals has increased over time, this space being the reflection of various historical events that have forced it to adapt to various physical, social and environmental conditions that society faces, to its time, lacking spaces essential for its operations. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness among architects for the implementation of design strategies with the use of clean energy, especially in the health sector, at a national and international level since, as is known, these are the hospitals that generate the highest index. of contamination in the waste (organic, inorganic and RPBI) that is produced daily as well as the architectural space that consumes the most energy, for example "According to the Development Bank of Latin America (13), a typical distribution of energy consumption in hospitals It would be: 51% in air conditioning, 12% in ventilation and pumps, 6% in domestic hot water, 14% in lighting and 17% in equipment. With this background, through a more empathetic approach to the environment, integrating LEED standards into the design as an urgent alternative, it is intended that with this implementation of certification in the health sector, and properly equipped spaces, they will improve quality, medical care and avoid expenses. unnecessary energy. Another implementation is green spaces that benefit us in different ways, since there are studies that suggest that these reduce unfavorable health conditions including cardiovascular pathologies, diabetes and cancer. There is a great social/environmental problem that requires raising awareness for future constructions by integrating various factors, since population growth strongly demands resources and spaces, creating collapse in emergency situations, which is why buildings must respond to current and future demands.

Tension on earth to reach the sky: Architecture for Air Navigation Service in Mendoza (Argentina, 1959-1978)

Pablo Bianchi-Palomares — 2024-06-27

The political interest in integrating the Argentine territory by air gained strong momentum during the 1940s, with the creation of national and provincial agencies linked to air navigation, and the sanction of specific regulations. These actions, along with the expansion of demand for aero mobility services, by state agencies, private companies and individuals, were the basis for the development, in the following decades, of associated architectures. Airport terminals were expanded or planned in different parts of the country, feeding a network that promoted the circulation of goods and subjects. In this context, the article seeks to explain the course followed in the case of Mendoza, in the design and execution of aeronautical architecture, starting from the description of the characteristics of the air transport service that was provided in the province, in a historical-cultural approach. The article takes as sources technical publications, graphic documentation of projects, press, laws and specific bibliography.

Transformation of the Plaza de Toros Quito and its adaptation to the environment

William Vinicio Quilumba-Simbaña — 2024-06-27

The city of Quito has been the protagonist of social, cultural, economic and environmental changes in recent years, it is evident that the transformations have caused modifications in the lifestyles of the inhabitants. The promotion of respect for animals led in 2011 to a Referendum and Popular Consultation where the prohibition of shows that have as their purpose the death of animals was sought, as a result of this acceptance the traditional Plaza de Toros Quito closed its doors in 2014 remaining in disuse and undergoing a gradual degradation. This relevant component for the city, the history and identity of its inhabitants has become obsolete in a strategic place with possible potential uses and is endowed with opportunities for its refunctionalization, which will enable the urban regeneration of the environment where it is located and in turn will contribute to the recovery of the identity of the population and its heritage revaluation.This research aims to determine the influence of the urban and architectural transformation of the bullring in relation to the current environment. For them, three stages are developed using qualitative and quantitative methodologies. In Stage one, we will investigate three representative cases of refunctionalization, such as: Plaza "Las Arenas", La Santamaría and La Plaza de Toros Real de San Carlos, for the recognition of the actions used in the intervention of the projects. In stage two, the architectural and urban conditions of the square and the surroundings will be identified. And finally, in stage three, the perception of the inhabitants is evaluated with respect to the change that the equipment and the sector has experienced and the relevance of the use of the place. Concluding with the conclusions and contributing with recommendations of strategies that serve as guidelines for future intervention projects.

Environmental quality of the rural built environment in the municipality of Nindirí, Masaya

Heimdall Verónica Hernández-Hidalgo — 2024-06-27

Determination of environmental quality in rural territories worldwide is scarce just like the generation of methodologies or tools for such purpose as intervention prevails in the urban area over the rural area. Measurement of urban or rural territory is carried out to evidence its condition, and on that basis, orient sustainable development. In Nicaragua, experience with environmental measurement of territories under the application of scientific-based tools might be null. However, methodologies for territory planning at municipal and urban level are abundant. The project research denominated Environmental quality of the rural built environment in the municipality of Nindirí, Masaya is intended to evidence and assess the environmental quality status of the rural built environment of 17 villages in the municipality of Nindirí, which has a largely rural population and has plans and guidelines given by the Town Hall to orient its planned development. For this purpose, tools for the environmental assessment of the built environment of rural settlements were used (Hernandez Hidalgo, 2009), whose conception draws on a holistic, systemic and integrating approach of the built environment relation -sustainability- balance-environment. This tool is made up of a categorial system of general indicators and specific indicators integrated from the interaction of components and variables present in the territory and defined for rural settlements. The objective of this research is to collect the present status of environmental quality and establish with it the premises of future territorial planning based on a sustainability and environmental balance approach in order to address the town hall’s interventions in a scientific, planned and sustainable manner.

Triad of Art Deco expressions in the city of La Paz-Bolivia

Julio Alejandro Zamorano-Tapia — 2024-06-27

Art Deco is a complex style because it has many manifestations and variations in the world, and because it is poorly described when referring to it, a generality about the style is encouraged, and in the end this fact implies confusion. Consequently, it is important to study it from its manifestation and the variations in relation to its appearance. The Art Deco style has had an important influence within world architecture, not only because of the visual characteristics that it shows or because of the historical moment where it appeared, but also because of its possibility of adapting to the space where it was manifested, being able to absorb different cultures. or forms of decoration without its finish deviating from the style. Therefore, it has been chosen to analyze constructions that have a categorization of heritage assets within the territory of the city of La Paz-Bolivia, which places this article in a qualitative approach, and then, methodologically speaking; search for sufficient general bibliographic information regarding the style, its characteristics and then how the variants have been cataloged by different renowned authors from the Bolivian territory. Subsequently, this knowledge allows us to determine the particularities in comparison with interviews carried out with specialists, which accentuated the choice of the 3 most representative buildings of the territory of La Paz for analysis due to the differences in façade finish that these works present, where one of these works architectural design is chosen to generate a compositional, spatial-functional and ornamental finishing analysis, this specific choice of the last building is particular with respect to its building typology and the very finishing of the architecture show a different form of Art Deco, which can even generate a new variant of style manifestation.

“Comprehensive support center for women in situations of violence” proposal for the city of La Paz, Bolivia

Sergio Vargas-Montero — 2024-06-27

The Universidad del Valle de Bolivia's policies are to fulfill the social responsibility in all its subjects and at all levels, providing a response to the needs of citizens. In this sense, the Architecture Workshop of the last semester of the Architecture and Urban Planning degree of the 2022 administration, has developed the project "Comprehensive support center for women in situations of violence", a proposal that responds to a latent need until the date for the city of La Paz and as a reference for other cities in Bolivia, in order to prevent the alarming growth rates of cases of violence against women and femicides registered throughout the country. The work used a methodology with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative), and was also combined with the methodologies of parallel projection and project research, due to its rigorous and systematic process to obtain relevant information for decision-making in the project process. The goal of the study was to understand the complex world of lived experience from the point of view of all people involved. The result of the entire process was to achieve a solid investigation to propose a project with practical and effective solutions in architectural design with the resolution of the problems studied. The project was proposed in the Periférica Macrodistrict, one of the areas with the highest rate of cases and which had areas of care, prevention, protection and reintegration. Likewise, once completed, the project was presented to the La Paz Municipal Council of the La Paz Mayor's Office as an innovative proposal, recommending that the budget assigned to gender equality and equity be better executed, as well as for the implementation of this equipment, which It would contribute to all institutions that work on prevention at all government levels.

Thermal habitability in educational spaces for infants during a heat wave in a arid climate, Torreon, Mexico

Alleck J. González-Calderón — 2024-06-27

This work analyzes thermal habitability, as well as health impacts and forms of adaptation in a kindergarten located east of the city of Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico, during a seven day heat wave with temperatures above 40 °C in the summer of 2023, historically considered the warmest year on record in the world. For its execution, a mixed method was implemented that includes the collection and analysis of quantitative data from temperature records and qualitative data from interviews that interpret the subject's experience. The results indicate that the maximum temperatures inside the classrooms exceed the healthy thermal comfort ranges, since they were higher than 35 °C. For their part, the children expressed some physical and psychological difficulties caused by the intense heat inside the classrooms. Meanwhile, the building is not architecturally adapted to reduce the impacts generated by a heat wave.

Constructive Language in Architecture: More verb less noun

Fabian Enrique Báez-Álvarez — 2024-06-27

Constructive language in architecture: More verb less noun; It seeks not only to present architecture through the building technique, but also to show that its process over time has been arduous, complex and initially of pure “trial and error”; until construction became a science. Science with which we have become familiar at the time of becoming architects, since anyone who considers himself worthy of this profession must recognize that design is subject to construction, its trends, its limitations and its future. On the other hand, we also recognize that there are architectural professionals who do not see the need for construction as part of their professional development. For them, this article presents in a very simple way how the History of Construction collaborates with the theory through praxis giving another concept to the architect's work, it also appropriates lexical elements, becoming a valuable pedagogical tool that is easy to consult in the area of construction for teachers and students; It is clarified that, due to the degree of complexity, elements were taken from the Colombian Standard for Earthquake-Resistant Construction – NSR-10, (without disregarding the Panamanian standard taking into account the authors), it is highlighted that the tables presented can be adapted to the requirements of any Latin American country. We want to exalt the words of Quintiliano “The architect extends himself to everything that enters the composition of a building.”