Aspectos ecológicos y económicos de la inestabilidad del suelo como resultado de las hostilidades y sus consecuencias jurídicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/reice.v11i21.16550Palabras clave:
inestabilidad del suelo, restauración de la zona de combate, impactos ambientales, biorremediación, monitoreo de suelos, métodos innovadores de restauración de suelos, servicios ecosistémicos, pagos por servicios ecosistémicosResumen
La propagación de los conflictos armados amenaza la estabilidad ecológica y los recursos naturales, lo que tiene consecuencias a largo plazo para los ecosistemas y los medios de vida humanos. El artículo investiga los aspectos ecoeconómicos de la inestabilidad del suelo debido a las hostilidades e identifica sus consecuencias legales. Está el impacto de los conflictos en tiempos de guerra en el estado ecológico de los suelos y la economía, explica las causas y consecuencias de estos trastornos y analiza la importancia de abordar estos problemas en el contexto del desarrollo sostenible. Específicamente, el artículo explora las consecuencias de los conflictos armados sobre la fertilidad del suelo, la contaminación de las aguas subterráneas, la propagación de la contaminación en el medio ambiente y el agotamiento de los recursos naturales. También considera los aspectos legales y las normas internacionales que regulan el uso de las armas y el impacto de los conflictos armados en el medio ambiente. La inestabilidad del suelo debido a las hostilidades es uno de los problemas apremiantes del mundo moderno, que tiene importantes consecuencias ecoeconómicas. En la zona de conflicto militar, donde se utilizan equipos militares pesados, explosivos y otros medios de guerra, el medio ambiente circundante, incluido el suelo, se ve gravemente afectado, lo que provoca su degradación y la interrupción de los procesos naturales.
Descargas
Citas
Adhikari, R., Hartemink, A. E. (2016) Linking soils to ecosystem services - A global review. Geoderma, 262, 101-111.
Amundson, R., Jenny, H. (1991). The place of humans in the state factor theory of ecosystems and their soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55(5), 1352-1358.
Bai, Z. G., Dent, D. L., Olsson, L., Schaepman, M. E. (2008). Global assessment of land degradation and improvement: 1. Identification by remote sensing. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 40(3), 232-238.
Bautista-Capetillo, C., Ojeda-Benítez, S., Peña-Saldivar, E., Herrera-López, S., Beltrán-Morales, L. F. (2018). Effects of land degradation on soil organic carbon and ecosystem services in arid and semiarid ecosystems of Mexico. Land Degradation & Development, 29(7), 2151-2160.
Berehovyi, V. M. (2022). Otsinka ekolohichnykh zbytkiv zavdanykh zemelnomu fondu Ukrainy pid chas viiny [The assessment of environmental damage caused to the Ukrainian land fund during the war], Ph.D. dissertation, Doctoral dissertation, National Aviation University (in Ukrainian)
Blum, W. E. H., Nortcliff, S. (2009). Soil degradation: Definition and description. In: Blum W.E.H., Nortcliff S. (eds) Soil Protection and Soil Erosion Research for the Sustainable Development and Conservation of Mountainous Mediterranean Agroecosystems. Springer, Dordrecht.
Boardman, J., Vandekerckhove, L., Ellery, W., Du Preez, C. C., Graff, O. J. D., Marais, C., Mbona, N. (2011). Land degradation processes in the Nama-Karoo: Understanding the causes and consequences. Journal of Arid Environments, 75(3), 278-288.
Bronick, C. J., Lal, R. (2005). Soil structure and management: A review. Geoderma, 124(1-2), 3-22.
Chaudhary, V. B., Berhe, A. A., Johnson, M. S. (2018). Impacts of soil erosion on water quality. Current Pollution Reports, 4(3), 212-223.
Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O'Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J. et al. (1997). The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387(6630), 253-260.
Delo.ua (2023). Reclamation of de-occupied agricultural lands: does it make sense to conduct it during wartime? https://delo.ua/business/rekultivaciya-deokupovanix-silgospzemel-ci-je-sens-provoditi-yiyi-pid-cas-viini-416485/
Dregne, H. E. (1991). Global desertification dimensions and costs. In: De Blij H.J., Nijman J. (eds) Geographies of Global Change: Remapping the World. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
FAO (2015). Global Soil Partnership: Technical Documents. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Galkin, A., Popova, Y., Kyselov, V., Kniazieva, T., Kutsenko, M., Sokolova, N. (2020). Comparison of Urban Conventional Delivery And Green Logistics Solutions. 2020 13th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), pp. 95-99, http://dx.doi: 10.1109/DeSE51703.2020.9450776.
Gao, X., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Yang, J., Wu, J. (2018). Soil degradation and its socio-economic impacts in China: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 642, 693-703.
Gholami, L., Keesstra, S., Yin, S., Rahmati, O. (2018). Soil erosion modeling: A review. Catena, 170, 330-345.
Gomiero, T., Pimentel, D., Paoletti, M. G. (2011). Environmental impact of different agricultural management practices: Conventional vs. organic agriculture. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 30(1-2), 95-124.
Hengl T., de Jesus J. M., MacMillan R. A., Batjes N. H., Heuvelink G. B. M., Ribeiro E., Samuel-Rosa A., Kempen B. (2014) SoilGrids1km - Global soil information based on the automated mapping. PLOS ONE, 9(8), e105992.
Kapinos, H., & Larionova, K. (2023). Problems Of Management Of Ukraine’s Sustainable Development In The Conditions Of War. Scientific Journal Modeling the development of the economic systems, (1), 93-103 (in Ukrainian)
Lal, R. (2003). Soil erosion and the global carbon budget. Environment International, 29(4), 437-450.
Lal, R. (2016). Soil health and sustainability: Managing the biotic component of soil quality. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 80(2), 351-359.
Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J., Dathe, L., Wirick, S., Jacobsen, C. (2008). Spatial complexity of soil organic matter forms at nanometer scales. Nature Geoscience, 1(4), 238-242.
Liu, B., Xie, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, S. (2018). Global patterns and drivers of urban land change. Science of the Total Environment, 628-629, 536-548.
Muñoz-Rojas, M., Erickson, T. E., Dixon, K. W., Merritt, D. J. (2016). Soil and water degradation in restoration contexts: A study of soil biological properties and hydrological function in degraded and restored woodlands. Science of the Total Environment, 573, 1532-1541.
Nkonya, E., Mirzabaev, A., von Braun, J. (2016). Economics of land degradation and improvement: A global assessment for sustainable development. Springer, Cham.
Odeh, I. O. A., Chittleborough, D. J., McBratney, A. B. (1995). Further results on prediction of soil properties from terrain attributes: Heterotopic cokriging and regression-kriging. Geoderma, 67(3-4), 215-226.
Oldeman, L. R., Hakkeling, R. T. A., Sombroek, W. G. (1990). World Map of the Status of Human-Induced Soil Degradation: An Explanatory Note. International Soil Reference and Information Centre, Wageningen.
Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Meusburger, K., Yu, B., Klik, A., Lim, K. J., Yang, J. E., Ni, J., Miao, C., Chattopadhyay, N., et al. (2017). Global rainfall erosivity assessment based on high-temporal resolution rainfall records. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 4175.
Prasannakumar, V., Vijith, H., Abinod, S., Geetha, N., Shiny, R., Sreeja, K. G., et al. (2012). Soil erosion assessment in a tropical watershed using GIS and remote sensing. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(11), 7153-7169.
Reynolds, J. F., Smith, D. M. S., Lambin, E. F., Turner, B. L., Mortimore, M., Batterbury, S. P. J., et al. (2007). Global desertification: Building a science for dryland development. Science, 316(5826), 847-851.
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., et al. (2009). A safe operating space for humanity. Nature, 461(7263), 472-475.
Sanaullah, M., Chabbi, A., Leifeld, J., Bardoux, G., Billou, D., Rumpel, C. (2012). Decomposition of added 13C-labelled plant material in relation to global warming potential. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 175(6), 813-820.
Scherr, S. J., McNeely, J. A. (2008). Biodiversity conservation and agricultural sustainability: Towards a new paradigm of 'eco-agriculture' landscapes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1491), 477-494.
Shukla, M. K., Lal, R., Ebinger, M. (2006). Determinants of soil quality in reclaimed mine soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70(4), 1406-1414.
Smerichevskyi, S., Kniazieva, T., Kolbushkin, Yu., Reshetnikova, I., Olejniczuk-Merta, A. (2018). Environmental orientation of consumer behavior: motivation component. Problems and Perspectives in Management. Vol 16, No 2. pp. 424-437. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(2).2018.38.
Sojka, R. E., Upchurch, D. R., Borlaug, N. E. (2013). Agriculture's role in managing surface water quality. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 68(1), 5A-10A.
Stoorvogel, J. J., Smaling, E. M. A. (1998). Assessment of soil nutrient depletion in sub-Saharan Africa: 1983-2000. Report 28. Winand Staring Centre, Wageningen.
Ukrinform. (2023). The Russians caused damage to the Ukrainian environment to the tune of $1.9 trillion ttps://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-ato/3666430-rosiani-zavdali-skodi-ukrainskomu-dovkillu-na-19-triljona.html
van der Mensbrugghe, D., Osorio-Rodarte, I., Burns, A. (2012). Land degradation and trade in factors of production: Implications for agricultural land use. Ecological Economics, 76, 90-96.
van Lynden, G. W. J., Oldeman, L. R. (1997). UNDP-UNSO Digital Soil Map of the World. Revised Edition. World Soil Resources Report 90. International Soil Reference and Information Centre, Wageningen.
Verheijen, F. G. A., Jones, R. J. A., Rickson, R. J., Smith, C. J. (2009). Tolerable versus actual soil erosion rates in Europe. Earth-Science Reviews, 94(1-4), 23-38.
Viscarra Rossel, R. A., Brus, D. J., Lobsey, C. (2009). Potential of data mining methods for soil nutrient prediction. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 68(2), 166-174.
Vlek, P. L. G., Le, Q. B., Tamene, L. (2008). Land degradation in Vietnam: Causes, impacts, and options for improved land management. In: Lal R., Sombatpanit S. (eds) Soil Management for Sustainable Agriculture. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Wang, G., Bai, Z., Dent, D. L., Xu, D. (2016). Soil erosion and conservation in global agricultural landscapes: A review. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 15(11), 2454-2468.
West, T. O., Marland, G. (2002). A synthesis of carbon sequestration, carbon emissions, and net carbon flux in agriculture: Comparing tillage practices in the United States. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 91(1-3), 217-232.
Wischmeier, W. H., Smith, D. D. (1978). Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses: A Guide to Conservation Planning. Agriculture Handbook No. 537. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
Wu, J., Wang, Z., Hu, Y., Zhang, M., Shi, P. (2015). Soil degradation: A problem threatening the sustainable development of agriculture in Northeast China. Sustainability, 7(7), 7916-7930.
Xu, X., Zou, B., Huang, J., Huang, Z., Hu, Y. (2018). Global soil acidification: Distribution, severity, and impacts. Pedosphere, 28(4), 635-660.
Xue, Y., Gao, G., Feng, M., Liu, G., Guo, H. (2018). Changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks under different land use types in a small catchment on the Loess Plateau. Catena, 166, 113-121.
Yang, W., Kanae, S., Oki, T., Koike, T., Musiake, K. (2003). Global potential soil erosion with reference to land use and climate changes. Hydrological Processes, 17(14), 2913-2928.
Yuan, Y., Zhan, J., Zeng, G., Liang, J., Huang, B., Li, X. (2018). Soil erosion under different land uses in a hilly watershed of southern China: Rates, patterns, and influencing factors. Catena, 162, 110-118.
Zhang, C., Chen, L., Zhang, J., Tang, G., Fu, B. (2016). Land degradation and ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau, China. Land Degradation & Development, 27(4), 951-961.
Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Cai, D., Li, Q., Zhang, X., Huang, C., et al. (2017). Soil erosion and its driving factors on the Loess Plateau in China. Catena, 151, 150
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 REICE: Revista Electrónica de Investigación en Ciencias Económicas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
