Beneficios de los alimentos transgénicos biofortificados, una revisión del 2012 al 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/elhigo.v12i2.15229Palabras clave:
biotecnología, cultivos, genesResumen
Los alimentos transgénicos biofortificados contribuyen como una herramienta futura, prometedora, innovadora, rentable y sostenible para suplir la necesidad de micronutrientes a una población sin dietas diversas brindando alternativas de micronutrientes. Los principales cultivos alimentarios se caracterizan por fuentes pobres de micronutrientes esenciales para el crecimiento humano. El objetivo es informar acerca de los principales alimentos transgénicos bioforticados con potencial para la reducción del hambre oculta. Se utilizaron ecuaciones de búsqueda en inglés y análisis bibliométrico de los términos alimentos transgénicos y biofortificación, encontrándose un total de mil registros principalmente se encontraron las categorías de cereales, vegetales, verduras, frutas y tubérculos. La fuente de consulta corresponde a las bases de datos de la BAC (Biblioteca Agropecuaria de Colombia). El manuscrito trata aspectos de la contribución de los cultivos transgénicos en la biofortificación. Se destacan casos de éxito como los del maíz enriquecido en proteínas de calidad en lisina y triptófano, el de batata naranja rica en vitamina A. Se amplia en los diferentes alimentos transgénicos, especialmente hortalizas, frutas, tubérculos y cereales, que suplen las necesidades nutricionales de la población. Los alimentos transgénicos tienen que enfrentar obstáculos debido a las limitaciones de aceptación entre los consumidores e incluso los gobiernos, con distintos procedimientos y normatividad de aprobación regulatoria que son costosos y lentos. Pero se destaca el potencial que tienen a futuro debido a su capacidad de eliminar la desnutrición de micronutrientes entre miles de millones de personas pobres, especialmente en los países en desarrollo que presentan tendencia al hambre oculta.
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