Beneficios de los alimentos transgénicos biofortificados, una revisión del 2012 al 2022

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5377/elhigo.v12i2.15229

Palabras clave:

biotecnología, cultivos, genes

Resumen

Los alimentos transgénicos biofortificados contribuyen como una herramienta futura, prometedora, innovadora, rentable y sostenible para suplir la necesidad de micronutrientes a una población sin dietas diversas brindando alternativas de micronutrientes. Los principales cultivos alimentarios se caracterizan por fuentes pobres de micronutrientes esenciales para el crecimiento humano. El objetivo es informar acerca de los principales alimentos transgénicos bioforticados con potencial para la reducción del hambre oculta. Se utilizaron ecuaciones de búsqueda en inglés y análisis bibliométrico de los términos alimentos transgénicos y biofortificación, encontrándose un total de mil registros principalmente se encontraron las categorías de cereales, vegetales, verduras, frutas y tubérculos. La fuente de consulta corresponde a las bases de datos de la BAC (Biblioteca Agropecuaria de Colombia). El manuscrito trata aspectos de la contribución de los cultivos transgénicos en la biofortificación. Se destacan casos de éxito como los del maíz enriquecido en proteínas de calidad en lisina y triptófano, el de batata naranja rica en vitamina A. Se amplia en los diferentes alimentos transgénicos, especialmente hortalizas, frutas, tubérculos y cereales, que suplen las necesidades nutricionales de la población. Los alimentos transgénicos tienen que enfrentar obstáculos debido a las limitaciones de aceptación entre los consumidores e incluso los gobiernos, con distintos procedimientos y normatividad de aprobación regulatoria que son costosos y lentos. Pero se destaca el potencial que tienen a futuro debido a su capacidad de eliminar la desnutrición de micronutrientes entre miles de millones de personas pobres, especialmente en los países en desarrollo que presentan tendencia al hambre oculta.

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Biografía del autor/a

Wilmar Alexander Wilches Ortiz, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia

Ingeniero agrónomo de la Universidad de Cundinamarca, con maestrías en cambio climático de la Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana de Puerto Rico, en Seguridad Alimentaria de la Universidad Abierta y a Distancia de México - UnADM y en Biotecnología Alimentaria de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD. Actualmente se desempeña en áreas de investigación relacionadas a fuentes microbiológicas de resistencia a enfermedades en cultivo de uchuva, inmovilización de Cd en cacao y de As y Cd en arroz, biofertilización en cultivos de caña, tomate, papa, uchuva, mora y caucho. Actualmente se desempeña como profesional de apoyo a la investigación en la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia). 

Ginna Natalia Cruz Castiblanco, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia

Ingeniera agrónoma de la Universidad de Cundinamarca, Especialista y Máster en estadística aplicada, de la Universidad Santo Tomás. Sus investigaciones se han centrado en las áreas de fitopatología, entomología y estadística, con énfasis en el desarrollo de metodologías para evaluar el comportamiento de plagas, enfermedades y los factores bióticos y abióticos que favorecen su prevalencia. Durante su trayectoria, ha diseñado y validado métodos de control en campo en sistemas productivos de aguacate, cacao, mango, papa y pasifloras (gulupa y granadilla). Además, ha adquirido amplia experiencia en la implementación y ejecución de programas para el monitoreo de plagas y enfermedades, la captura e identificación de enemigos naturales y el análisis estadístico de encuestas, modelos bayesianos y experimentos. Actualmente se desempeña como profesional de apoyo a la investigación en la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia). 

Yuly Paola Sandoval Cáceres, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia

Ingeniera agrónoma de la Universidad de Cundinamarca, Máster en Ciencias Agrarias, línea de investigación en Entomología, de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Bogotá. Sus investigaciones se han centrado en las áreas de la entomología con énfasis en la identificación de insectos nocivos, ecología química y cría de insectos. Actualmente se desempeña como profesional de apoyo a la investigación en la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia). 

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2022-12-01

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Wilches Ortiz, W. A., Cruz Castiblanco, G. N., & Sandoval Cáceres, Y. P. (2022). Beneficios de los alimentos transgénicos biofortificados, una revisión del 2012 al 2022. El Higo Revista Científica, 12(2), 81–102. https://doi.org/10.5377/elhigo.v12i2.15229

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Artículos científicos de revisión