Determination of Paraquat residues in maize by uv-visible spectrophotometry, farms in the province of La Vega, Dominican Republic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/elhigo.v14i1.17700Keywords:
Detection; spectroscopy; herbicide; paraquat; agricultural productsAbstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a highly toxic herbicide, which requires rigorous monitoring of foodstuffs to comply with regulatory limits. The purpose of this study was to quantify PQ residues in corn (Zea May L.) by UV-Visible spectrophotometry in samples from farms located in La Vega province, Dominican Republic. The amount of reducing reagent in PQ standard solutions was optimized to obtain a determination coefficient of 0.999 and a linearity range. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.05 and 0.17 mg L-1, respectively, with a recovery of 101.7% and a coefficient of variation of less than 5%. By means of the standard addition curve, the concentration of PQ in corn was determined to be 0.56 mg L-1, which is within the limits allowed by the FDA for human consumption. In addition, it was found that there is no matrix effect, therefore, the simple calibration curve can be used for the detection of this analyte in a reliable manner. Through the simple calibration curve, PQ amounts in corn from different farms were found to be comparable to those obtained by the standard addition curve. F and Student's t-tests revealed no significant differences between PQ concentrations in corn samples from different farms (p>0.05). This study highlights the feasibility of accurate detection of PQ in corn and its consistency among different farms, ensuring that the PQ concentrations in corn samples are consistent across farms.
Downloads
References
Alza-Camacho, W. R., García-Colmenares, J. M., & Chaparro-Acuña, S. P. (2016). Determinación voltamétrica de paraquat y glifosato en aguas superficiales. Ciencia Y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 17(3), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol17_num3_art:510
Association of Official Analytical Chemists & Helrich K. (1990). Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists (15th ed. 1990). Association.
Bromilow, R. H. (2004). Paraquat and sustainable agriculture. Pest Management Science: formerly Pesticide Science, 60(4), 340-349. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.823
Chamkasem, N., Morris, C., y Harmon, T. (2017). Determination of Paraquat and Diquat in Potato by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometer. Journal of Regulatory Science. 05, 1–8. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/eca8/2e1ced4efdef64cb126afba7114cbdd66e6d.pdf
Codex Alimentarius. (2013). Residuos de plaguicidas. https://www.fao.org/unfao/govbodies/gsb-subject-matter/statutory-bodies-details/es/c/314/?no_cache=1
Guo, H., Li, L., & Gao, L. (2023). Paraquat and Diquat: Recent Updates on Their Pretreatment and Analysis Methods since 2010 in Biological Samples. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 28(2), 684. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020684
Laghrib, F., Bakasse, M., Lahrich, S., El Mhammedi, M. (2020). Electrochemical sensors for improved detection of paraquat in food samples: A review. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 107, e110349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110349
Lara, A., García, J., y Chaparro, S. (2015). Validación del método voltamétrico para la determinación de residuos de paraquat aplicado en cultivos de papa. Acta Agronómica, 64(4), 336-341. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v64n4.44521
Liu, C., Guo, B., & Xue, J. (2018). Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Herbicides. Water environment research: a research publication of the Water Environment Federation, 90(10), 1323–1347. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143018X15289915807245
Luna, J., Bernardo, M., García, M., Ovalles, F., y Calderón, L. (2008). Determinación de paraquat en orina utilizando un sistema de inyección en flujo continuo. Acta Bioquímica Clínica Latinoamericana. 42 (2), 251-259. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/535/53542211.pdf
Melo, K. G.; Silva, G. T. S.; Santos, A. D.; Dolores, R. C.; Oliveira, F.; Trape, A. Z.; Rosa, P. C. P. (2022). Development of Paraquat Pesticide Determination Methodology in Urine Samples by UHPLC-MS/MS. Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 9(35),76-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.TN-49-2021
Pathan, A., Baseer, M, Kadam, A., & Junne, S. (2019). A Novel Chromogenic Spray Reagent for Thin-Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Paraquat and Design of an Ultra-Low-Cost Sensor for On-The-Field Detection of Viologens. JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC, 32, 335 - 338. https://doi.org/10.1556/1006.2019.32.4.9
Pérez, E., Barrantes, E., & Villalobos, R. (2020). Dos métodos para la cuantificación de paraquat en plaguicidas tipo Concentrado Soluble. EUNED. 12(2), e3042. https://www.scielo.sa.cr/pdf/cinn/v12n2/1659-4266-cinn-12-02-565.pdf
Rashidipour, M.; Maleki, A.; Kordi, S.; Birjandi, M.; Pajouhi, N.; Mohammadi, E.; Heydari, R.; Rezaee, R.; Rasoulian, B.; y Davari, B. (2019). Pectin/Chitosan/Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles: Efficient Carriers for Reducing Soil Sorption, Cytotoxicity, and Mutagenicity of Paraquat and Enhancing Its Herbicide Activity. Journal of Agricutural Food Chemistry. 67, 5736–5745. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01106
Ren, H., Mao, M., Li, M., Zhang, C., Peng, C., Xu, J., & Wei, X. (2021). A Fluorescent Detection for Paraquat Based on β-CDs-Enhanced Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 10(6), 1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061178
Rezende, R., Nicoletti, M., Pereira, A., Serafim, B., Paixão, D., Diniz, J., Gama, L.., Silva, L., Muñoz, J., & Fukushima, A. (2020). Determinação de Paraquate em maçãs do tipo Gala, Fuji, Argentina e Verde. Vigil Sanit Debate, Rio De Janeiro, 8(1), 106–110. https://doi.org/10.22239/2317-269X.01341
Sangsum, C and Saetear P. (2022). All-Step-in-One Test Kit for Paraquat Detection in Water and Vegetable Samples. Analytica. 3(1):92-105. https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica3010007
Suntres, Z. (2002). Role of antioxidants in paraquat toxicity. Toxicology. 180, 65–77. https://cradpdf.drdc-rddc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc18/p521125.pdf
Sha, O., Cui, B., Chen, X., Liu, H., Yao,J., and Zhu, Z.(2020). Separation and Determination of Paraquat and Diquat in Human Plasma and Urine by Magnetic Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry. 2020, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7359582
Siangproh, W., Somboonsuk, T., Chailapakul, O., & Songsrirote, K. (2017). Novel colorimetric assay for paraquat detection on-silica bead using negatively charged silver nanoparticles. Talanta. 174, 448–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.045
Suarez, R., Arévalo, E., Linares, L., Ustáriz., F y Hernández, G. (2009). Validación de un método analítico para la determinación de magnesio eritrocitario. Avances en Química.4(2), 53-62. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/933/93313204001.pdf
Traiwatcharanon, P., Siriwatcharapiboon, W., Jongprateepc, O., and Wongchoosuk, C. (2022). Electrochemical paraquat sensor based on lead oxide nanoparticles. Royal society of chemistry advances. 12, 16079–16092. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02034c
Yar, A., Ansari, T., Raza, A., y Manzoor S. (2022). Development and Validation of HPLC-UV Method for Determination of Paraquat in Raw and Commercial Samples. Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry, 23(1), 148-159. http://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2022.06.15
Zhang, Y., Huang, Y., Fu, L., Qiu, J., Wang, Z., and Wu, A. (2020). Colorimetric detection of paraquat in aqueous and fruit juice samples based on functionalized gold nanoparticles. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 92, e103574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103574
Zhao, Z., Zhang, F., y Zhang, Z. (2018). A facile fluorescent "turn-off" method for sensing paraquat based on pyranine-paraquat interaction. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 199,96-101. http://10.1016/j.saa.2018.03.042
Zou, T.; He, P.; Cao, J.; y Li, Z. (2015). Determination of paraquat in vegetables using HPLC-MS-MS. Journal of Chromatographic Science. 53(2), 204–209. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci%2Fbmu041
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
