Evolution of modern architecture in Managua during 20th century

Abstract

Most Latin American cities mostly retain an original colonial core, but modern urban planning was introduced in the 20th century. In Nicaragua, modernity seems to have been more influenced by political changes than by intrinsic cultural transformations. In the case of Managua, the interpretation of this evolution of modern architecture is hindered by the scarcity of information and documented records. Architectural and urban evolution reflects a complex interaction of historical, political, cultural, and natural factors, from the early expressions of modernity in the 19th century to the influence of Art Deco, the return of the first Nicaraguan architects educated abroad, and the beginning of Postmodernist influence in the late 20th century. The 1972 earthquake marked a turning point in Managua's architectural history, drastically transforming the city and challenging its previous architectural heritage. However, the city did not lose its modernist momentum, and Nicaraguan architects educated abroad continued to produce. This research identified three key periods: an initial period from 1920 to 1960, followed by a phase of the first Nicaraguan architects between 1960 and 1972, and concluding with a post-earthquake period of lower production extending from 1972 to 1999.